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Immunobiology and Immunotherapy

Section edited by Alessandra Cesano

The Immunobiology and Immunotherapy section aims to enrich the communication between basic biological and immunological sciences and the clinical investigation arena.

As immunology has evolved to be a central discipline connected to a wide range of therapeutic areas, the number and diversity of platform technologies has also increased, spanning small molecules, biologics, microbial vectors and cells. Such levels of activity require appropriate means to share new knowledge and to catalyze the development of the field. This section aims to provide such a platform and welcomes submissions across all disciplines, including inflammation, autoimmunity, transplantation, metabolic disorders.

The section was founded with the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) under the title "Tumor immunology and biological cancer therapy" and Pedro Romero was the founding Section Editor.

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  1. The mucosal system serves as the primary barrier against respiratory diseases and plays a crucial role in combating viral infections through mucosal immunity. The resident microbial community constitutes the m...

    Authors: Xinyue Li, Maohua Chen, Tingting Chen, Lingxin Xie, Qian Luo, Xinyue Fan, Yan Yin, Siqin Meng, Zhixing Jin, Yonglin He and Yao Wen
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2025 23:488
    Content type: Review Published on:

  2. Sepsis is a life-threatening inflammatory condition, and its underlying genetic mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. We applied methods such as Mendelian randomization (MR), genetic correlation analysis, a...

    Authors: Hongjie Tong, Yuhang Zhao, Ying Cui, Jiali Yao and Tianlong Zhang
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2025 23:361
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and severe clinical condition. However, the underlying mechanisms of AKI have not been fully elucidated, and effective treatment options remain limited. Studies have shown...

    Authors: Lulu Xie, Kaiyue Zhang, Kai Pan, Xiaomin Su, Xiaotong Zhao, Rui Li, Yixin Wang, Haotian Pang, Enze Fu and Zongjin Li
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2025 23:304
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Antibiotic resistance is currently one of the most significant threats to global public health and safety. And studies have found that over the next 25 years, 39 million people will die directly and 169 millio...

    Authors: Sainan Zheng, Yuhan Tu, Bin Li, Gaoer Qu, Anqi Li, Xuemei Peng, Shijun Li and Chuanfeng Shao
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2025 23:292
    Content type: Review Published on:

  5. Knee osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease involving multiple pathological processes, including energy metabolism, cartilage repair, and osteogenesis. To investigate the alterations in critical...

    Authors: Minghao Ge, Weihao Sun, Tianhao Xu, Runze Yang, Kaibo Zhang, Jian Li, Zhiwei Zhao, Meng Gong and Weili Fu
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2025 23:285
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic chronic autoimmune disease with complex mechanism. Currently, ferroptosis is believed to play a role in it, but the specific mechanism is unknown, especially in immune r...

    Authors: Xiaoying Zhu, Hanya Lu, Haonan Jia, Xuemin Wei, Jiawei Xue, Wenjing Li, Juan Zhang, Yanli Wang, Jingyao Yan, Haoyuan Sun, Yanlei Ge and Zhiyi Zhang
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2025 23:280
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. Autophagy is associated with the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but its genetic pathological mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this study, we employed summary-data-based Mendelian random...

    Authors: Ping Jiang, Yichen Zhao, Youji Jia, Honghong Ma, Yajuan Guo, Wei Yan and Xiaobing Xi
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2025 23:274
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that causes joint damage, including cartilage degradation and bone erosion. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), a member of the TGF-β superfamily, ...

    Authors: Han Zhang, Zixian Dang, Xiangyu Wang, Changyao Wang, Haining Zhang and Yongtao Zhang
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2025 23:241
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for more than one-third of cancer-related mortality, and the prognosis for late-stage patients remains poor. Immunotherapy has been proven to extend the survival of patien...

    Authors: Chien-Jung Huang, Guan-Ting Liu, Yi-Chen Yeh, Shin-Yi Chung, Yu-Chan Chang, Nai-Jung Chiang, Meng-Lun Lu, Wei-Ning Huang, Ming-Huang Chen and Yu-Chao Wang
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2025 23:218
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. Airway epithelial cells constitute the first line of defense against external noxious stimuli and play crucial roles in the release of epithelial inflammatory cytokines (IL33, IL25 and TSLP), initiating airway...

    Authors: Yan Zhao, Jenil Patel, Jinhua Fan, Xinyang Wang, Lin Chen, Yuanyuan Li and Zhengxiu Luo
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2025 23:203
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. Psoriasis is a common chronic, recurrent, immune-mediated disease involved in the skin or joints or both. However, deeper insight into the genetic susceptibility of psoriasis is still unclear.

    Authors: Min Zhang, Wenting Su, Jiahui Deng, Bin Zhai, Gaizhi Zhu, Ran Gao, Qi Zeng, Jinming Qiu, Ziqing Bian, He Xiao, Guoming Luan and Renxi Wang
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2025 23:133
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. The small intestine harbors a rich array of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) that interact with structural cells to collectively sustain gut immune homeostasis. Dysregulation of gut immune homeost...

    Authors: Qiaolin Wang, Yutong Wu, Lianlian Ouyang, Xiaoli Min, Meiling Zheng, Lingyu Gao, Xiaoyun Chen, Zhi Hu, Shuang Yang, Wenjuan Jiang, Sujie Jia, Qianjin Lu and Ming Zhao
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2025 23:118
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. Authors: Yu Xue, Tianshu Chu, Jiankang Hu, Wei Gou, Ning Zhang, Juan Li, Jing Yu, Rongping Li, Rongbin Li, Long Qian, Xinwang Duan, Lihua Duan and Hejian Zou
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2025 23:91
    Content type: Letter to the Editor Published on:

  16. Molecular-clinical prognostic models for Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) offer more accurate prognosis predictions, yet existing models often overlook the heterogeneity of mutational profiles against the cytog...

    Authors: Wei Wang, Yudi Zhang, Wenli Yang, Xiaozhen Liu, Lingxu Jiang, Wei Lang, Yingwan Luo, Xinping Zhou, Lu Wang, Li Ye, Ying Xu, Liya Ma and Hongyan Tong
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2025 23:76
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Sjogren syndrome (SS) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease and its pathogenesis often involves the participation of numerous immune cells and inflammatory factors. Despite increased researches and studies ...

    Authors: Jingyi Xu, Shucheng Si, Yijun Han, Lin Zeng and Jinxia Zhao
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2025 23:56
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. Creating fast, non-invasive, precise, and specific diagnostic tests is crucial for enhancing cancer treatment outcomes. Among diagnostic methods, those relying on nucleic acid detection are highly sensitive an...

    Authors: Zahra Farshchian Yazdi, Shahrzad Roshannezhad, Samaneh Sharif and Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2024 22:1173
    Content type: Review Published on:

  19. Sex is a fundamental biological variable that influences immune system function, with sex chromosomes (X and Y) playing a central role in these differences. Despite substantial evidence of disparities in immun...

    Authors: Zuxi Feng, Minjing Liao and Liansheng Zhang
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2024 22:1150
    Content type: Review Published on:

  20. Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reinfection, particularly short-term reinfection, poses challenges to the management of rheumatic diseases and may increase adverse clinical outcomes. This study aims to de...

    Authors: Yao Liang, Siwei Xie, Xuqi Zheng, Xinyu Wu, Sijin Du and Yutong Jiang
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2024 22:1144
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. To investigate the associations of methylation, expression, and protein quantitative trait loci (mQTL, eQTL, and pQTL) with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and find out genetically supported drug targets for AS.

    Authors: Lingyu Dai, Lan Xia, Guannan Su, Yu Gao, Qingyan Jiang and Peizeng Yang
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2024 22:1115
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, currently the sole authorized vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), demonstrates limited effectiveness in safeguarding adolescents and adults from active TB, even when ...

    Authors: Qing Lei, Hui Fu, Zongjie Yao, Zijie Zhou, Yueqing Wang, Xiaosong Lin, Yin Yuan, Qi Ouyang, Xinyue Xu, Jinge Cao, Mengze Gan and Xionglin Fan
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2024 22:1103
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. To investigate the clinical application value of microfluidic-based in vitro diagnostic (IVD) technology in pathogenic detection of respiratory tract infections.

    Authors: Jianping Jiang, Yunqi Wei, Shumin Li, Juanfen Mo, Xiaosi Li, Mengqing Cao and Haiqin Wang
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2024 22:1092
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. The renal lymphatic system is critical for maintaining kidney homeostasis and regulating the immune response inside the kidney. In various kidney pathological situations, the renal lymphatic network experience...

    Authors: Xiangheng Lu, Kuai Ma, Junyi Ren, Haoyu Peng, Jia Wang, Xiaoxiao Wang, Moussa Ide Nasser and Chi Liu
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2024 22:1053
    Content type: Review Published on:

  25. Pediatric cow milk allergies (CMA) can occur in immunoglobulin (Ig) E and non-IgE-mediated forms. Unlike IgE-mediated allergies, the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis in non-IgE-mediated food allergy and an a...

    Authors: Tracy Augustine, Selvasankar Murugesan, Fariada Badri, Giusy Gentilcore, Jean-Charles Grivel, Anthony Akobeng, Mamoun Elawad, Mehdi Adeli, Souhaila Al Khodor and Nicholas van Panhuys
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2024 22:1021
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. Asthma poses a significant global health challenge, characterized by high rates of morbidity and mortality. Despite available treatments, many severe asthma patients remain poorly managed, highlighting the nee...

    Authors: Yuhan Jiang, Yifan Wang, Ju Guo, Zixuan Wang, Xuelin Wang, Xueming Yao, Hongxi Yang and Yingxue Zou
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2024 22:978
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. Numerous clinical trials for myasthenia gravis (MG) treatment have been conducted recently, with satisfactory cognitive and clinical results. However, due to the limited evidence for direct comparison of the s...

    Authors: Jian Gu, Yue Qiao, Rui Huang and Shuyan Cong
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2024 22:955
    Content type: Review Published on:

  30. The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is on the rise in developing countries, and investigating the underlying mechanisms of IBD is essential for the development of targeted therapeutic interventio...

    Authors: Furong Qing, Hongbo Tian, Biyao Wang, Bingyu Xie, Lina Sui, Xiaoyan Xie, Wenji He, Tiansheng He, Yumei Li, Liangmei He, Qin Guo and Zhiping Liu
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2024 22:905
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are often difficult to distinguish in the early stage of the disease. The purpose of this study was to explore the similarities and differences between the two...

    Authors: Zhixiang Zhang, Zhiqiang Shao, Zonghan Xu and Jiaqian Wang
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2024 22:851
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a group of recurrent chronic inflammatory disorders associated with autoimmune dysregulation, typically characterized by neutrophil infiltration and mucosal inflamma...

    Authors: Chengli Zheng, Jiekai Li, Hailin Chen, Xiaolin Ma, Tianyu Si and Wenwei Zhu
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2024 22:813
    Content type: Review Published on:

  33. Apoptotic bodies (ABs) are extracellular vesicles released during apoptosis and possess diverse biological activities. Initially, ABs were regarded as garbage bags with the main function of apoptotic cell clea...

    Authors: Xiaoyu Miao, Xiaojin Wu, Wenran You, Kaini He, Changzhong Chen, Janak Lal Pathak and Qing Zhang
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2024 22:810
    Content type: Review Published on:

  34. Difficult-to-treat Rheumatoid arthritis (D2T RA) is primarily characterised by failure of at least two different mechanism of action biologic/targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARDs) wi...

    Authors: Qin-Yi Su, Jing Luo, Yan Zhang, Qian Li, Zhong-Qing Jiang, Zi-Rong Wen, Yu-Ying Wang, Mo-Ran Shi and Sheng-Xiao Zhang
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2024 22:795
    Content type: Review Published on:

  35. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-1 antibody, anti-PD-L1 antibody, and anti-CTLA-4 antibody) have displayed considerable success in the treatment of malignant tumors, the therapeutic effect is sti...

    Authors: Xin Su, Jian Li, Xiao Xu, Youbao Ye, Cailiu Wang, Guanglong Pang, Wenxiu Liu, Ang Liu, Changchun Zhao and Xiangyong Hao
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2024 22:751
    Content type: Review Published on:

  36. An increasing number of clinical studies have begun to explore combination strategies with immune checkpoint inhibitors, aiming to present new opportunities for overcoming anti-PD-1 treatment resistance in gas...

    Authors: Guanjun Li, Xiaohan Liu, Chunhui Gu, Guichuang Ma, Shaowei Li, Zhenfeng Ma, Yanqiu Xiong, Yu Jiang, Qiong Huang, Jianhua Wu, Zhenzhen Wu, Wangjun Liao, Qijing Wu and Min Shi
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2024 22:718
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. The T-helper 17 (Th17) cell and regulatory T cell (Treg) axis plays a crucial role in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), which is regarded as an immune imbalance between pro-inflammatory cytokines and...

    Authors: Huiru Hu, Hui Li, Ruoyu Li, Peidong Liu and Hongbo Liu
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2024 22:663
    Content type: Review Published on:

  38. Inhibition of kinases is the ever-expanding therapeutic approach to various types of cancer. Typically, assessment of the treatment response is accomplished by standard, volumetric imaging procedures, performe...

    Authors: Kavindra Nath, Pradeep K. Gupta, Johnvesly Basappa, Shengchun Wang, Neil Sen, Cosimo Lobello, Jyoti S. Tomar, Alexander A. Shestov, Stepan Orlovskiy, Fernando Arias-Mendoza, Hilka Rauert-Wunderlich, David S. Nelson, Jerry D. Glickson and Mariusz A. Wasik
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2024 22:622
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. The lack of distinct biomarkers for pancreatic cancer is a major cause of early-stage detection difficulty. The pancreatic cancer patient group with high metabolic tumor volume (MTV), one of the values measure...

    Authors: Baek Gil Kim, Sung Hwan Lee, Yeonsue Jang, Suki Kang, Chang Moo Kang and Nam Hoon Cho
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2024 22:453
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) induce acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) in 2–5% of patients, with a clearly higher incidence when they are combined with platinum derivatives. Unfortunately, suitable dise...

    Authors: Laura Martinez Valenzuela, Francisco Gómez-Preciado, Jordi Guiteras, Paula Antón Pampols, Montserrat Gomà, Xavier Fulladosa, Josep Maria Cruzado, Joan Torras and Juliana Draibe
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2024 22:421
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is a complex manifestation of abdominal cancers, with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Recent work identifying high concentrations of the cytokine interleukin-6 (I...

    Authors: Neda Dadgar, Christopher Sherry, Jenna Zimmerman, Hyun Park, Catherine Lewis, Albert Donnenberg, Ali H. Zaidi, Yong Fan, Kunhong Xiao, David Bartlett, Vera Donnenberg and Patrick L. Wagner
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2024 22:402
    Content type: Review Published on:

  42. Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin condition. Although biologic treatments are effective in controlling psoriasis, some patients do not respond or lose response to these therapies. Thus, new strategie...

    Authors: Yunxiong Wei, Guangyong Sun, Yang Yang, Mingyang Li, Shimeng Zheng, Xiyu Wang, Xinjie Zhong, Zihan Zhang, Xiaotong Han, Haiyan Cheng, Dong Zhang and Xueling Mei
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2024 22:328
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. Crohn's disease (CD) is a disease characterized by intestinal immune dysfunction, often accompanied by metabolic abnormalities. Disturbances in lactate metabolism have been found in the intestine of patients w...

    Authors: Jingtong Wu, Yinyin Lv, Pei Hao, Ziyi Zhang, Yongtian Zheng, Ermei Chen and Yanyun Fan
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2024 22:300
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. Resident memory T (Trm) cells which are specifically located in non-lymphoid tissues showed distinct phenotypes and functions compared to circulating memory T cells and were vital for the initiation of robust ...

    Authors: Jialing Fang, Jun Lei, Boxiao He, Yankang Wu, Peng Chen, Zaiqiao Sun, Ning Wu, Yafei Huang, Pengcheng Wei, Lei Yin and Yongshun Chen
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2024 22:203
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. Soluble oligomeric forms of Tau protein have emerged as crucial players in the propagation of Tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our objective is to introduce a single-domain antibody (sdAb) named 2C5 ...

    Authors: Nicolas De Leiris, Pascale Perret, Charlotte Lombardi, Bülent Gözel, Sabine Chierici, Philippe Millet, Marlène Debiossat, Sandrine Bacot, Benjamin B. Tournier, Patrick Chames, Jean-Luc Lenormand, Catherine Ghezzi, Daniel Fagret and Marcelle Moulin
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2024 22:163
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been the third most prevalent cancer worldwide. Liver metastasis is the critical factor for the poor prognosis of CRC. Here, we investigated the expression and role of PLOD3 in CRC.

    Authors: Min Ding, Cheng Wang, Junhong Hu, Junjun She, Ruoyu Shi, Yixuan Liu, Qi Sun, Haojun Xu, Guoren Zhou, Wenlan Wu and Hongping Xia
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2024 22:30
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. CD8+ T cells are the executor in adaptive immune response, especially in anti-tumor immunity. They are the subset immune cells that are of high plasticity and multifunction. Their development, differentiation, ac...

    Authors: Jinghong Wu, Zhendong Lu, Hong Zhao, Mingjun Lu, Qing Gao, Nanying Che, Jinghui Wang and Teng Ma
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2023 21:905
    Content type: Review Published on:

  49. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a ubiquitous sensor of energy and nutritional status in eukaryotic cells. It plays a key role in regulating cellular energy homeostasis and multiple aspects of cell metab...

    Authors: Yinxing Cui, Junhua Chen, Zhao Zhang, Houyin Shi, Weichao Sun and Qian Yi
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2023 21:892
    Content type: Review Published on:

  50. Lung neuroendocrine neoplasms (LungNENs) comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors ranging from indolent lesions with good prognosis to highly aggressive cancers. Carcinoids are the rarest LungNENs, display low...

    Authors: Ricardo Blázquez-Encinas, Víctor García-Vioque, Teresa Caro-Cuenca, María Trinidad Moreno-Montilla, Federica Mangili, Emilia Alors-Pérez, Sebastian Ventura, Aura D. Herrera-Martínez, Paula Moreno-Casado, Marco A. Calzado, Ángel Salvatierra, María A. Gálvez-Moreno, Lynnette Fernandez-Cuesta, Matthieu Foll, Raúl M. Luque, Nicolas Alcala…
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2023 21:879
    Content type: Research Published on:
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