Fig. 5

Predictive accuracy of plasma proteins related to HFrEF, alone or in combination with BNP measurement in independent community HFrEF cohort. A Models performance based on naive Bayes, multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and random forest in training dataset. B Receiver operating curves show the performance of combining all candidate protein biomarkers with BNP measurement for predicting all incident HFrEF in testing dataset. C Confusion matrix of (B). D AUC of different combination or BNP alone in testing dataset. HFrEF = heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; CRP = C-reactive protein; IL6RB = interleukin-6 receptor subunit beta; PHLD = phosphatidylinositol-glycan-specific phospholipase D; NOE1 = noelin