Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics between non-COPD and COPD groups, weighted
|  | Non-COPD (n = 5418) | COPD (n = 643) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 41.00 (30.00,52.00) | 55.00 (44.00,62.00) | < 0.001 |
Gender (%) | Â | Â | 0.009 |
 Male | 49.70 (47.80,51.61) | 58.50 (52.56,64.20) |  |
 Female | 50.30 (48.39,52.20) | 41.50 (35.80,47.44) |  |
Race (%) | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
 Mexican American | 10.64 (7.48,14.93) | 3.57 (2.27,5.58) |  |
 Other Hispanic | 6.38 (4.59,8.81) | 3.11 (1.93,4.96) |  |
 Non-Hispanic White | 62.70 (56.70,68.33) | 78.58 (71.56,84.26) |  |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 11.82 (9.30,14.91) | 8.74 (6.42,11.80) |  |
 Other Races | 8.46 (6.90,10.34) | 5.99 (3.29,10.67) |  |
Education level (%) | Â | Â | 0.038 |
 High school or less | 35.50 (32.10,39.05) | 41.97 (34.22,50.14) |  |
 College or more | 64.50 (60.95,67.90) | 58.03 (49.86,65.78) |  |
Marital status (%) | Â | Â | 0.296 |
 With partner | 63.73 (60.74,66.62) | 66.46 (61.29,71.26) |  |
 Without partner | 36.27 (33.38,39.26) | 33.54 (28.74,38.71) |  |
PIR (%) | Â | Â | 0.623 |
 ≤ 1.3 | 22.27 (19.76,24.99) | 25.05 (18.97,32.30) |  |
 1.3–3.5 | 33.54 (30.37,36.86) | 33.82 (27.78,40.43) |  |
 > 3.5 | 44.20 (39.81,48.67) | 41.13 (32.81,50.00) |  |
Drinking status (%) | Â | Â | 0.035 |
 Never | 9.29 (7.99,10.78) | 5.36 (2.80,10.02) |  |
 Ever | 9.45 (8.25,10.80) | 7.63 (5.60,10.31) |  |
 Now | 81.26 (79.09,83.25) | 87.01 (82.34,90.58) |  |
Smoking status (%) | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
 Never | 61.49 (58.98,63.93) | 31.18 (25.53,37.44) |  |
 Ever | 23.76 (21.38,26.31) | 34.86 (29.68,40.42) |  |
 Now | 14.76 (13.47,16.14) | 33.97 (28.71,39.65) |  |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.39 (24.00,31.90) | 27.70 (23.40,31.71) | 0.903 |
Lung function | Â | Â | Â |
 FVC (ml) | 4097 (3428,4931) | 4065 (3351,5106) | 0.994 |
 FEV1 (ml) | 3316 (2769,3982) | 2833 (2231,3430) | < 0.001 |
 FEV1/FVC (%) | 0.81 (0.77,0.85) | 0.68 (0.64,0.70) | < 0.001 |
Alpha diversity | Â | Â | Â |
 Observed ASVs | 126.10 (101.20,155.40) | 117.30 (90.60,145.10) | 0.001 |
 Faith’s Phylogenetic Diversity | 14.22 (12.30,16.58) | 13.53 (11.31,16.13) | 0.003 |
 Shannon-Weiner index | 4.67 (4.24,5.04) | 4.51 (4.10,4.96) | 0.002 |
 Simpson Index | 0.92 (0.88,0.94) | 0.91 (0.88,0.94) | 0.932 |
Hypertension (%) | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
 No | 77.71 (76.05,79.28) | 64.08 (59.12,68.76) |  |
 Yes | 22.29 (20.72,23.95) | 35.92 (31.24,40.88) |  |
Diabetes (%) | Â | Â | 0.008 |
 No | 94.05 (93.23,94.77) | 89.87 (85.46,93.05) |  |
 Yes | 5.95 (5.23,6.77) | 10.13 (6.95,14.54) |  |
Periodontitis (%) | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
 No | 62.53 (59.22,65.73) | 48.55 (42.56,54.57) |  |
 Yes | 37.47 (34.27,40.78) | 51.45 (45.43,57.44) |  |