Table 1 The characteristics of podosomes and invadopodia
From: Invadopodia in cancer metastasis: dynamics, regulation, and targeted therapies
Parameters/properties | Podosomes | Invadopodia |
|---|---|---|
Cell type | Monocyte/macrophage lineage cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, bone marrow-derived osteoclasts), endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, neural crest cells | Cancer cells (such as breast cancer, cervical cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, bone cancer, and melanoma) |
Size | Diameter: 0.5–1 µm, Height: 0.5–0.8 µm | Diameters: 0.5–3 µm, Height: 2–5 µm |
Structure | F-actin-rich puncta consisting of core (F-actin, ARP2/3 complex, WASP, WIP, CDC42, cortactin, cofilin), Ring (β2 and β3 integrins, vinculin, paxillin, talin) and cap (crosslinked and bundled filaments) | F-actin-rich puncta consisting of core (F-actin, ARP2/3 complex, N-WASP, WIP, CDC42, cortactin, cofilin, Diaphanous-related-formins, dynamin 2, fascin, cysteine-rich protein 2, MT1-MMP, TKS5, MenaINV), Ring (β1 and β3 integrins, vinculin, paxillin, zyxin, ILK) |
Main functions | Adhesion, Migration, Mechanosensation, Phagocytosis (macrophages) | ECM degradation, Mechanosensing |
Relationship with diseases | Normal physiological migration (such as wound healing and immune surveillance). Abnormal activation may lead to chronic inflammation or fibrosis | Directly drive tumor metastasis and drug resistance, significantly associated with poor patient prognosis |
Commonality | Dependent on actin dynamics assembly and Rho family GTPases (such as Cdc42, Rac1). Involved in cell-environment interactions | Share regulatory mechanisms with actin reorganization and Rho GTPases, both requiring localized membrane protrusion and the generation of mechanical forces |