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Table 1 Clinical, metabolic, coronary artery bioimaging, and blood biomarker levels in the study population (Control and CAD groups), analyzed by total population, men, and women

From: Reduced blood EPAC1 protein levels as a marker of severe coronary artery disease: the role of hypoxic foam cell-transformed smooth muscle cells

 

Total

Women (W)

Men (M)

Control (n = 50)

CAD (n = 152)

p

Control (n = 35)

CAD (n = 53)

p

Control (n = 15)

CAD (n = 99)

p

Clinical characteristics

 Sex, M(%)–W(%)

15(30)–35 (70)

99 (65.1)–53 (34.9)

 < 0.001

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Age (y), md (IQR)

54 (43–65)

69 (62–76)

 < 0.001

55 (44–66)

73 (66–79)

 < 0.001

52 (41–61)

68 (58–74)

 < 0.001

 BMI (W/H2), md (IQR)

25.05 (23.58–28.13)

27.76 (24.91–30.82)

0.001

24.51 (23.31–27.50)

27.30 (24.22–31.22)

0.017

25.82 (25.00–29.39)

27.76 (25.55–30.45)

0.145

 HTA, n (%)

21 (42)

108 (71.1)

 < 0.001

14 (40)

39 (73,6)

0.002

7 (46.7)

69 (69.7)

0.087

 DLP, n (%)

16 (32)

97 (63.8)

 < 0.001

14 (40)

30 (56.6)

0.191

2 (13,3)

67 (67.7)

 < 0.001

 DM, n (%)

4 (8)

40 (26.3)

0.006

4 (11.4)

16 (30,2)

0.041

0 (0)

24 (24.2)

0.033

 Smoker, n (%)

10 (21.3)

58 (39.2)

0.020

8 (24.3)

9 (18)

0.521

2 (14.3)

49 (50)

0.010

 Glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, n (%)

5 (10.2)

18 (12.6)

0.658

5 (14.7)

8 (16.3)

0.843

0 (0)

10 (10.6)

0.187

Medications

 Statins, n (%)

15 (30.6)

86 (60.1)

 < 0.001

12 (35.3)

26 (53.1)

0.112

3 (20)

60 (63.8)

0.001

 Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, n (%)

17 (34.7)

89 (62.2)

 < 0.001

10 (29.4)

31 (63.3)

0.003

7 (46.7)

58 (61.7)

0.273

 Betablokers, n (%)

10 (20.4)

56 (39.4)

0.016

8 (23.5)

16 (32.7)

0.370

2 (13.3)

40 (43)

0.029

 Antiagregants, n (%)

13 (27.1)

72 (50.7)

0.005

11 (33.3)

23 (46.9)

0.223

2 (13.3)

49 (52.7)

0.005

 Sintrom, n (%)

3 (6.1)

21 (14.7)

0.119

1 (2.9)

6 (12.2)

0.136

2 (13.3)

15 (16)

0.796

 Diuretics, n (%)

7 (14.3)

46 (32.2)

0.016

6 (17.6)

20 (40.8)

0.026

1 (6.7)

26 (27.7)

0.082

Biochemistry

 Glucose (mg/dl), md (IQR)

90.00 (84.00–96.50)

100.50 (90.00–122.00)

 < 0.001

88.00 (84.00–96.50)

97.00 (87.75–122.25)

0.009

91.00 (84.00–97.00)

101.00 (90.00–121.50)

0.014

 Creatinine (mg/dl), md (IQR)

0.79 (0.67–0.97)

0.85 (0.75–1.08)

0.023

0.76 (0.62–0.86)

0.75 (0.69–0.90)

0.426

0.96 (0.79–1.08)

0.94 (0.79–1.11)

0.583

 Urea (mg/dl), md (IQR)

5.40 (4.50–6.70)

6.20 (5.10–7.40)

0.023

5.15 (3.95–6.60)

6.20 (4.90–7.95)

0.113

6.10 (4.80–7.05)

6.15 (5.17–7.32)

0.687

Lipid profile

 Total Cholesterol (mg/dl), mean ± SD

202.92 ± 42.51

185.40 ± 40.96

0.013

205.94 ± 41.60

186.29 ± 43.83

0.045

195.57 ± 45.38

184.90 ± 39.53

0.353

 LDLc (mg/dl), md (IQR)

117.00 (82.00–154.50)

99.00 (80.00–133.00)

0.094

125.00 (85.50–153.00)

97.50 (76.50–138.25)

0.126

91.00 (70.00–161.00)

100.00 (85.25–130.00)

0.860

 HDLc (mg/dl), md (IQR)

60.50 (45.50–69.00)

49.00 (42.00–58.00)

0.004

63.00 (51.50–69.50)

53.00 (45.00–59.00)

0.005

44.00 (36.00–64.00)

48.00 (41.75–57.00)

0.885

 VLDLc (mg/dl), md (IQR)

16.50 (11.25–21.75)

19.00 (16.00–27.00)

0.093

16.50 (15.00–20.50)

20.00 (15.75–28.25)

0.129

16.00 (10.00–22.75)

19.00 (16.00–24.00)

0.456

 Triglycerides (mg/dl), md (IQR)

96.00 (69.00–121.00)

111.00 (88.50–151.00)

0.003

94.00 (68.00–119.50

114.50 (81.50–152.50)

0.027

97.00 (70.50–138.25)

110.00 (91.25–151.00)

0.121

CAD bioimaging

 Maximum stenosis, md (IQR)

0.00 (0.00–0.00)

2.00 (1.00–3.00)

 < 0.001

0.00 (0.00–0.00)

2.00 (1.00–2.00)

 < 0.001

0.00 (0.00–0.00)

2.00 (1.00–4.00)

 < 0.001

 3 vessel plaque score, n (%)

0 (0)

71 (46.7)

 < 0.001

0 (0)

19 (35)

 < 0.001

0 (0)

52 (52.5)

 < 0.001

 SIS, md (IQR)

0.00 (0.00–0.00)

5.00 (3.00–8.00)

 < 0.001

0.00 (0.00–0.00)

3.00 (2.00–6.00)

 < 0.001

0.00 (0.00–0.00)

6.00 (3.00–8.00)

 < 0.001

 SSS, md (IQR)

0.00 (0.00–0.00)

3.00 (1.00–7.75)

 < 0.001

0.00 (0.00–0.00)

2.00 (1.00–4.00)

 < 0.001

0.00 (0.00–0.00)

4.00 (1.00–9.00)

 < 0.001

Blood biomarkers

 hs-TnT (ng/dl), md (IQR)

6.89 (4.46–10.65)

14.60 (7.99–21.24)

 < 0.001

6.89 (4.03–11.85)

10.20 (6.06–18.89)

0.032

5.51 (4.86–9.26)

15.60 (8.66–22.19)

 < 0.001

 hs-CRP (mg/dl), md (IQR)

1.25 (0.65–2.55)

2.21 (1.09–5.17)

0.010

1.20 (0.76–3.11)

2.52 (1.51–5.61)

0.016

1.42 (0.49–2.10)

2.10 (0.99–4.92)

0.084

 EPAC1 (ng/ml), mean ± SD

11.97 ± 3.30

9.41 ± 4.00

 < 0.001

11.18 ± 3.20

9.45 ± 3.46

0.062

14.10 ± 2.68

9.40 ± 4.22

0.002

  1. Results are expresed as median (md) with interquartile range (IQR) for non-parametric variables or mean with Standard Desviation (SD) for parametric variables. BMI Body mass index (kg/m2), HTA Arterial hypertension, DLP dyslipemia, DM Diabetes mellitus type 2, LDLc Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDLc High density lipoprotein cholesterol, VLDLc Very low density liporotein colesterol, SIS Segment involvement score, SSS Segment stenosis score, hs-TnT High sensitivity Troponin T, hs-CRP High sensitivity C reactive protein. T-student test was used for parametric distribution variables. U-mann whitney test was used for non-parametric distribution variables
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Journal of Translational Medicine

ISSN: 1479-5876

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