Table 1 Mechanism of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Kappa in dephosphorylation

EGFR

PTPRK dephosphorylates EGFR at specific tyrosine residues, inhibiting EGFR-induced signaling

EGFR signaling, TGF-β signaling

[36, 37, 39]

STAT3

PTPRK directly dephosphorylates STAT3 at Tyr705, inhibiting its activation and downstream oncogenic effects

STAT3 signaling

[51, 52]

β-catenin

PTPRK dephosphorylates β-catenin, reducing its nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation

WNT/β-catenin signaling

[14, 31]

SRC

PTPRK regulates SRC by dephosphorylating it at Tyr527, controlling cell migration and adhesion

SRC signaling, TGF-β signaling

[36, 56, 57]

CD133

PTPRK dephosphorylates CD133 at specific tyrosine residues, inhibiting AKT activation and promoting tumor suppression

CD133-AKT signaling

[60, 61]

ZNRF3

PTPRK dephosphorylates ZNRF3, promoting its activity in the inhibition of WNT signaling

WNT/β-catenin signaling

[62, 64]