Fig. 5

Identification of PLK1 as a key factor in enzalutamide (Enz) resistance. A Gene expression profiles (PLK1, LMNB1, and SSPO) analyzed by UMAP. B mRNA expression levels of PLK1, LMNB1, and SSPO in enzalutamide-sensitive (Enz-S) and enzalutamide-resistant (Enz-R) cell lines. C Cell viability following DMSO or Enz treatment in shNC and shPLK1 cells. D Cell death was assessed by propidium iodide (PI) staining and fluorescence microscopy after 24 h of treatment. E Quantification of fluorescence intensity from (D). F Colony formation assay in shNC and shPLK1 cells after 14 days of treatment, with colony counts quantified via ImageJ software. G Number of clones quantified from (F). Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed unpaired t-test (B, C) and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test (E, G). B, C, E, G Data are presented as mean ± SD. Representative data of triplicate experiments are shown. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ns, not significant