Fig. 4
Enrichment analysis and network visualization of mutated genes. a Biological process enrichment analysis of mutated genes. The bar plot displays the significantly enriched biological processes based on gene ontology (GO) terms, ranked by fold enrichment. The size of the dots represents the number of genes involved, while the color indicates statistical significance (-log10(FDR)). Notch signaling pathway appears prominently enriched. b Pathway enrichment analysis using the Elsevier Pathway Collection. The plot shows the significantly enriched pathways among the mutated genes, with the most relevant pathways being related to WNT signaling activation, NOTCH receptor signaling, and DNA damage checkpoint regulation. The size of the dots indicates the number of genes involved, and the color scale represents the significance level. c Protein–protein interaction network of mutated genes. The network highlights interactions between genes, with nodes related to Notch signaling shown in green and nodes related to WNT signaling shown in red. The network suggests potential cross-talk between these pathways, which may contribute to tumor progression and resistance to therapy