Fig. 1

The Kaplan–Meier curves for the survival of R/R B-ALL patients receiving immunotherapy as pretransplant treatment. (A-B) OS and PFS in the entire cohort, with 2-year OS and PFS rates of 76.54% and 54.97%, respectively. (C-D) Comparison of OS and PFS between the CAR-T and blinatumomab groups. The CAR-T group had a 2-year OS of 73.89% and PFS of 59.03%, while the blinatumomab group showed 88.89% OS and 44.44% PFS (P = 0.862 for OS, P = 0.501 for PFS). (E) OS stratified by IKZF1 mutation status, showing significantly lower OS in IKZF1-positive vs. IKZF1-negative patients (40.00% vs. 86.85%, P = 0.037). (F) PFS by patient gender in the whole cohort. (G) OS of pretransplant MRD-positive vs. MRD-negative patients in the whole cohort. R/R B-ALL, relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; CAR-T, chimeric antigen receptor T cell; MRD, minimal residual disease