Fig. 3

The effects of VEGF derived from human DPSCs and BEV on functional recovery and tissue repair in SCI mice. A Schematic diagram of the in vivo experimental design. B-C BMS scores and sub-scores were used to evaluate motor function recovery in each group of mice at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days; n = 4. D Inclined plane test was used to assess motor function recovery in each group of mice at 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days; n = 4. E Nissl staining images of the spinal cord surrounding the injury core region obtained at 28 days; n = 3; Scale bars: 100 μm and 20 μm. F Quantitative analysis of Nissl body count. G Representative MEP in each group of mice at 28 days post-injury; n = 3. H Representative HE staining images of the spinal cord surrounding the injury core region at 28 days; n = 3; Scale bars: 1 mm and 250 μm. I Quantification of the cavity area. (J-K) Statistical analysis of the peak and amplitude of MEP. Data are shown as means ± SD, B-D Statistical significance was assessed using repeated measures and two-way ANOVA. F, I-K Statistical significance was assessed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc tests. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. (VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; DPSC: dental pulp stem cell; BEV: bevacizumab; SCI: Spinal cord injury; BMS: Basso Mouse Scale; MEP: motor evoked potentials; HE: Hematoxylin–eosin.)