Table 1 Baseline characteristics before and after propensity score matching
Characteristic | Unmatched | matched | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rate Control N = 459 | Rhythm Control N = 127 | P | Rate Control N = 171 | Rhythm Control N = 106 | P | |
Age | 77 ± 12 | 72 ± 12 | < 0.001 | 73 ± 13 | 73 ± 12 | 0.969 |
Gender | Â | Â | 0.042 | Â | Â | 0.209 |
Male | 250 (54.5%) | 82 (64.6%) | Â | 95 (55.6%) | 67 (63.2%) | Â |
Female | 209 (45.5%) | 45 (35.4%) | Â | 76 (44.4%) | 39 (36.8%) | Â |
Smoker | Â | Â | 0.359 | Â | Â | 0.755 |
NO | 433 (94.3%) | 117 (92.1%) | Â | 158 (92.4%) | 99 (93.4%) | Â |
YES | 26 (5.7%) | 10 (7.9%) | Â | 13 (7.6%) | 7 (6.6%) | Â |
Cardiac Surgery | Â | Â | 0.017 | Â | Â | 0.678 |
NO | 452 (98.5%) | 120 (94.5%) | Â | 168 (98.2%) | 103 (97.2%) | Â |
YES | 7 (1.5%) | 7 (5.5%) | Â | 3 (1.8%) | 3 (2.8%) | Â |
Heart Failure | Â | Â | 0.021 | Â | Â | 0.643 |
YES | 145 (31.6%) | 54 (42.5%) | Â | 108 (63.2%) | 64 (60.4%) | Â |
NO | 314 (68.4%) | 73 (57.5%) | Â | 63 (36.8%) | 42 (39.6%) | Â |
Hypertension | Â | Â | 0.765 | Â | Â | 0.623 |
NO | 210 (45.8%) | 60 (47.2%) | Â | 81 (47.4%) | 47 (44.3%) | Â |
YES | 249 (54.2%) | 67 (52.8%) | Â | 90 (52.6%) | 59 (55.7%) | Â |
Renal Failure |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  | 0.773 |
NO | 170 (37.0%) | 23 (18.1%) | Â | 38 (22.2%) | 22 (20.8%) | Â |
YES | 289 (63.0%) | 104 (81.9%) | Â | 133 (77.8%) | 84 (79.2%) | Â |
Respiratory Failure |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  | 0.514 |
NO | 239 (52.1%) | 45 (35.4%) | Â | 68 (39.8%) | 38 (35.8%) | Â |
YES | 220 (47.9%) | 82 (64.6%) | Â | 103 (60.2%) | 68 (64.2%) | Â |
CAD | Â | Â | 0.102 | Â | Â | 0.331 |
NO | 354 (77.1%) | 89 (70.1%) | Â | 130 (76.0%) | 75 (70.8%) | Â |
YES | 105 (22.9%) | 38 (29.9%) | Â | 41 (24.0%) | 31 (29.2%) | Â |
CRRT |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  | 0.359 |
NO | 442 (96.3%) | 111 (87.4%) | Â | 160 (93.6%) | 96 (90.6%) | Â |
YES | 17 (3.7%) | 16 (12.6%) | Â | 11 (6.4%) | 10 (9.4%) | Â |
Need of invasive ventilation |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  | 0.382 |
NO | 302 (65.8%) | 36 (28.3%) | Â | 67 (39.2%) | 36 (34.0%) | Â |
YES | 157 (34.2%) | 91 (71.7%) | Â | 104 (60.8%) | 70 (66.0%) | Â |
Need for vasopressors |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  | 0.996 |
None | 191 (41.6%) | 11 (8.7%) | Â | 20 (11.7%) | 11 (10.4%) | Â |
Dopamine | 8 (1.7%) | 8 (6.3%) | Â | 6 (3.5%) | 5 (4.7%) | Â |
Phenylephrine | 87 (19.0%) | 18 (14.2%) | Â | 33 (19.3%) | 18 (17.0%) | Â |
Norepinephrine | 154 (33.6%) | 68 (53.5%) | Â | 94 (55.0%) | 59 (55.7%) | Â |
Vasopressin | 14 (3.1%) | 15 (11.8%) | Â | 13 (7.6%) | 9 (8.5%) | Â |
Dobutamine | 3 (0.7%) | 4 (3.1%) | Â | 3 (1.8%) | 2 (1.9%) | Â |
Epinephrine | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (0.8%) | Â | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (0.9%) | Â |
Milrinone | 1 (0.2%) | 2 (1.6%) | Â | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (0.9%) | Â |
SOFA | 6.6 ± 3.7 | 10.1 ± 3.8 | < 0.001 | 8.8 ± 3.9 | 9.5 ± 3.7 | 0.155 |
BUN (mg/dL) | 33 ± 21 | 40 ± 22 | 0.003 | 37 ± 22 | 39 ± 23 | 0.385 |
Calcium (mg/dL) | 8.24 ± 0.70 | 8.12 ± 0.76 | 0.093 | 8.26 ± 0.76 | 8.14 ± 0.74 | 0.216 |
Chloride ( mmol/L) | 104 ± 5 | 103 ± 6 | 0.088 | 104 ± 6 | 103 ± 6 | 0.490 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.42 ± 0.94 | 1.87 ± 1.11 | < 0.001 | 1.58 ± 1.01 | 1.75 ± 1.06 | 0.178 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 137 ± 49 | 144 ± 53 | 0.161 | 144 ± 54 | 143 ± 53 | 0.880 |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 139.0 ± 4.5 | 138.3 ± 4.8 | 0.098 | 139.2 ± 4.5 | 138.3 ± 4.7 | 0.148 |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.06 ± 0.59 | 4.20 ± 0.63 | 0.054 | 4.07 ± 0.59 | 4.15 ± 0.62 | 0.258 |
Magnesium (mg/dL) | 2.00 ± 0.32 | 2.04 ± 0.34 | 0.347 | 2.04 ± 0.33 | 2.03 ± 0.35 | 0.765 |
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 119 ± 23 | 110 ± 21 | < 0.001 | 112 ± 23 | 112 ± 20 | 0.915 |
White blood cell (109/L) | 14 ± 8 | 16 ± 9 | 0.056 | 15 ± 8 | 16 ± 8 | 0.454 |
Neutrophil percentage (%) | 81 ± 13 | 79 ± 13 | 0.063 | 80 ± 13 | 79 ± 13 | 0.500 |
Lactate (mmol/L) | 2.05 ± 1.23 | 2.61 ± 1.64 | < 0.001 | 2.23 ± 1.45 | 2.45 ± 1.54 | 0.236 |