Fig. 3

Main results from the NHANES and Drug-Targeted mendelian randomization. A Multifactorial linear regression between metformin use and grip strength. B COX survival analysis of metformin use and all-cause death. C Scatter plot of linear relationship between metformin use days and main study indicators. D Survival analysis of patients with diabetes using and without metformin for all patients included. E Survival analysis of patients with diabetes using and without metformin in a non-sarcopenia population. F Major results of Mendelian randomization of metformin drug targets for sarcopenia and adverse events