Table 2 Drugs for AMPs already on the market

Daptomycin

Daptomycin is a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic used to treat complicated skin and skin structure infections by susceptible Gram-positive bacteria and bacteremia due to Staphylococcus aureus

Treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSI), Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections (bacteremia)

Cubist Pharmaceuticals LLC (Merck & Co.)

September 2003

Dalbavancin

Dalbavancin is a semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide and derivate of teicoplanin. It is an antibacterial used to treat acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) caused by susceptible strains of Gram-positive bacteria

Acute bacterial skin infections, Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis

Actavis plc

May 2014

Telavancin

Telavancin is a semi-synthetic derivative of vanocymycin that has bactericidal activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other gram-positive bacteria

Osteomyelitis, Bacterial infections

Clinigen Group plc/Innoviva Inc./Pendopharm/Theravance Biopharma Inc./University of Illinois

September 2009

Oritavancin

Oritavancin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused by susceptible Gram-positive bacteria

Treatment of adult patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure (including subcutaneous) infection

The Medicines Company

August 2014

Bacitracin

Bacitracin A is a homodetic cyclic peptide consisting of (4R)-2-[(1S,2S)-1-amino-2-methylbutyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid attached head-to-tail to l-leucyl, d-glutamyl, l-lysyl, d-ornityl, l-isoleucyl, d-phenylalanyl, l-histidyl. d-aspartyl and l -asparaginyl residues coupled in sequence and cyclised by condensation of the side-chain amino group of the l-lysyl residue with the C-terminal carboxylic acid group. It is the major component of bacitracin. It is a homodetic cyclic peptide and a polypeptide

prevent wound infections, treat pneumonia and empyema in infants, and to treat skin and eye infections

Pfizer

January 1945

Polymyxin-E

Polymyxin-E is a pcaused by susceptible Gram negative bacteria. olymyxin antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections

Treatment of acute or chronic infections due to sensitive strains of certain gram-negative bacilli, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa

ParSterile Products

June 1970

Polymyxin B

Polymyxin B is a polymyxin antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of infections in the body.They are basic polypeptides of about eight amino acids and have cationic detergent action on cell membranes

Treatment of infections of the urinary tract, meninges, and blood stream, caused by susceptible strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Glaxo Wellcome UK Ltd

December 1952

Tyrothricin

A polypeptide antibiotic mixture obtained from Bacillus brevis. It consists of a mixture of three tyrocidines (60%) and several gramicidins (20%) and is very toxic to blood, liver, kidneys, meninges, and the olfactory apparatus. It is used topically

Treatment of infected skin and infected oropharyngeal mucous membranes

René Dubos

1942

Vancomycin

Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat severe but susceptible bacterial infections such as MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) infections

Treatment of septicemia, infective endocarditis, skin and skin structure infections, bone infections, and lower respiratory tract infections

Eli Lilly & Co

January 1954

Gramicidin S

Cyclic peptide biosynthesized from gramicidin in Bacillus brevis; comprises two identical pentapeptides coupled head to tail

Potent against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and fungi restricted use as spermicide and to treat genital ulcers caused by STD

/

/

Gramicidin D

Gramcidin D is a heterogeneous mixture of three antibiotic compounds, gramicidins A, B and C, making up 80, 6, and 14% respectively all of which are obtained from the soil bacterial species Bacillus brevis and called collectively gramicidin D. Gramcidins are 15 residue peptides with alternating D and L amino acids, which assemble inside of the hydrophobic interior of the cellular lipid bilayer to form a β-helix

Skin lesions, surface wounds and eye infections

/

/