Fig. 2

Volcano plot of plasma proteome-wide MR results in the discovery stage. MR analyses of plasma proteins on AD risk after correction with multiple testing in the discovery stage are highlighted in color. The beta from the Wald ratio or IVW method represents the causal estimate. Color differences represent different MR analysis results. Grey dots, no causal effect of proteins on AD; Blue dots, protective effect of proteins on AD; Orange dots, risk effect of proteins on AD; Pink dots, MR associations excluded by sensitivity analyses