Fig. 4

Discovery of multicellular communities in HNSC A Heatmap of tumor ecotypes based on different combinations of cell states. B Network diagram illustrating ecotype composition, with the width of each edge representing the Jaccard index from the discovery cohort. C Heatmap of tumor ecotypes across various validation cohorts. D Proportion diagram showing the distribution of tumor ecotypes in different cohorts. E Violin plots comparing Spearman spatial correlation between cell states of different ecotypes and within the same ecotype. F Spatial distribution of each cell state within the E8 ecotype, analyzed using spatial transcriptomics. G Spatial clustering of HNSC ecotypes measured using Moran’s I in 8 spatial transcriptomic samples of HNSC. A z-score > 1.96 was considered significantly higher than the degree of clustering expected by chance