A rapid ecologic analysis, confirmed by a case–control study, identifies class I HLA alleles correlated to the risk of COVID-19

Correale, Pierpaolo; Baglio, Giovanni; Parrella, Roberto; Saladino, Rita Emilena; Cuomo, Nunzia; Scarano, Francesco; Francone, Marina; Cuzzola, Maria; Foti, Giuseppe; Mutti, Luciano; Pentimalli, Francesca; Giordano, Antonio

doi:10.1186/s12967-025-06285-w

Table 1 Association between HLA allele prevalence and COVID-19 incidence assessed at different time points corresponding to four epidemic waves in Italy (years 2020–2022)

From: A rapid ecologic analysis, confirmed by a case–control study, identifies class I HLA alleles correlated to the risk of COVID-19

HLA allele	Regression coefficient	P-value	95% Conf. Interval
April, 9th, 2020
A*25	0.291	0.193	− 0.150 to 0.732
B*08	0.080	0.388	− 0.104 to 0.265
B*14:01	0.080	0.431	− 0.122 to 0.283
B*18	0.049	0.358	− 0.056 to 0.155
B*44	0.148	0.050	− 0.001 to 0.297
B*49	0.143	0.193	− 0.074 to 0.360
B*51	− 0.017	0.712	− 0.111 to 0.076
B*62	− 0.030	0.830	− 0.313 to 0.252
C*01	0.175	0.042	0.007 to 0.342
C*03	− 0.053	0.583	− 0.244 to 0.138
December, 27th, 2020
A*25	− 0.031	0.783	− 0.253 to 0.192
B*08	0.020	0.665	− 0.072 to 0.113
B*14:01	0.045	0.384	− 0.057 to 0.147
B*18	0.009	0.734	− 0.044 to 0.062
B*44	− 0.012	0.751	− 0.086 to 0.062
B*49	− 0.123	0.029	− 0.233 to − 0.013
B*51	0.006	0.785	− 0.040 to 0.053
B*62	− 0.040	0.580	− 0.182 to 0.103
C*01	− 0.043	0.309	− 0.128 to 0.041
C*03	0.008	0.871	− 0.088 to 0.104
March, 25th, 2021
A*25	− 0.104	0.260	–0.286 to 0.079
B*08	− 0.016	0.674	− 0.092 to 0.060
B*14:01	0.018	0.661	− 0.065 to 0.102
B*18	− 0.003	0.886	− 0.047 to 0.041
B*44	− 0.010	0.752	− 0.071 to 0.052
B*49	− 0.107	0.021	− 0.197 to − 0.017
B*51	0.002	0.930	− 0.037 to 0.040
B*62	− 0.003	0.957	− 0.120 to 0.113
C*01	− 0.027	0.433	− 0.096 to 0.042
C*03	− 0.0167	0.674	− 0.096 to 0.062
February, 8th, 2022
A*25	− 0.084	0.122	− 0.190 to 0.023
B*08	− 0.025	0.274	− 0.069 to 0.020
B*14:01	0.007	0.777	− 0.042 to 0.056
B*18	0.010	0.401	− 0.015 to 0.036
B*44	− 0.011	0.530	− 0.047 to 0.024
B*49	− 0.091	0.001	− 0.144 to − 0.038
B*51	0.003	0.766	− 0.019 to 0.026
B*62	0.009	0.798	− 0.059 to 0.077
C*01	− 0.031	0.139	− 0.071 to 0.010
C*03	− 0.003	0.896	− 0.049 to 0.043

^*The adjusted regression coefficient for HLA-A*25, B*08, B*14:01, B*18, B*44, B*49, B*51, B*62, C*01, and C*03 were calculated by using multivariable regression model

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ISSN: 1479-5876

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