Fig. 4

Density plots showing the distance to the tumour boundary, normalized cell count, and isPLA status for B cells (A-C) and macrophages (D-F) across response groups. For both B cells and macrophages, more isPLA⁺ cells are located near the tumour boundary in the PD group. Comparison of isPLA⁺ cell types per region shows that tumour-infiltrating B cells are the most frequent interactors with tumour cells via PD-1/PD-L1 in CRs (G), while macrophages (H & I) and CD8 T cells dominate in tumour regions of PDs (I). Scatter plots across response groups reveal a higher concentration of B cells with strong isPLA intensity near the tumour boundary in the CR group (J) and no specific distribution pattern was observed in the PR group (K), while macrophages show a similar pattern in the PD group (L)