Fig. 2

PTL enhanced mitochondrial function and inhibited mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in VECs. A The KEGG enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in the transcriptome sequencing of VECs (LPS vs. Nor). B The effect of different inhibitors on the viability of LPS-treated cells was detected using a CCK8 assay (n = 3 independent experiments). C TUNEL was used to detect VECs apoptosis (bar = 25 μm) (n = 3 independent experiments). D Annexin V-FITC was used to detect VECs apoptosis (bar = 100 μm) (n = 3 independent experiments). E The mitochondrial morphology in VECs was observed using transmission electron microscopy (bar = 400 nm) (n = 3 independent experiments). F Confocal microscope observation of representative images of mitochondrial structure (bar = 8 μm) (n = 3 independent experiments). G The statistical analysis of mitochondrial morphology of VECs in different groups, each group randomly selected 10 cells and the mitochondrial morphology was blindly scored and classified into two categories: Long (> 3 µm), Short (≤ 3 µm). H, I JC-1 was used to detect the MMP (bar = 50 μm) (n = 3 independent experiments). J Effects of PTL on the mitochondrial OCR in VECs (n = 3 independent experiments). K, L DCFH-DA was used to detect the generation of ROS (bar = 100 μm) (n = 3 independent experiments). a: P < 0.05 as compared with the Normal group, b: P < 0.05 as compared with the LPS group