Fig. 1

TMEM52B ECD-derived peptides suppress cancer cell invasion, survival, and anchorage-independent growth. a Peptide sequences derived from the ECD of isoform 1 and isoform 2. b Cells were allowed to invade Matrigel for 48 h in the presence of the peptides. Cell invasion was determined by calculating the cell-stained area relative to the total area using ImageJ software. c To induce anoikis, cells were seeded into 96-well plates with an Ultra-Low Attachment surface and then grown for 72 h in the presence of the peptides. Cell viability was determined in a colorimetric WST assay. d Anchorage-independent growth soft agar assay in the presence of peptides. The total number of colonies > 0.3 mm in diameter in each well was counted. Scale bar, 100 µm. e Cells were treated with the peptides for 48 h prior to lysis and immunoblot analysis. Densitometric quantification was performed using GAPDH as a loading control; phosphorylated proteins were normalized against the amount of the corresponding total protein. f Cells were transfected with AP-1 or CRE reporter plasmid and then treated with the peptides for 48 h. AP-1 activity was determined in reporter assays. All determinations were performed in three independent experiments. Values represent mean ± standard deviation (SD). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001