Fig. 8

Restored mitochondrial dynamics in HG-exposed HK-2 cells following LST treatment. A: HK-2 cells were treated with LG, HG, or HG + LST (1 µM) for 24 h. In low glucose, mitochondria appeared as thin thread, but in HG conditions, they became short rods. Confocal microscopy revealed increased colocalization of Drp1 and Mitotracker Red, and decreased co localization of Mitotracker Red and Mfn2 in HG-treated cells. These changes were reversed with losartan therapy. B: Western blot analysis similarly demonstrated consistent alterations; however, no significant differences were observed in the protein levels of Opa1, a pro-fusion protein. Outcomes are showed as mean ± SE, *P < 0.05, vs. LG subset, #P < 0.05, vs. HG subset