Fig. 2
From: Targeting mitochondrial transfer: a new horizon in cardiovascular disease treatment
Mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases. Mitochondria are essential for the physiological function of the cardiovascular system because of their important roles in energy production and calcium flux. Upon mitochondrial damage, dysfunctional mitochondria activate inflammatory responses and regulate cell death, ultimately contributing to the progression of cardiovascular disorders. In CVD, mitochondrial dysfunction causes tissue loss, an inflammatory response, Ca2+ flux alterations, and metabolic rearrangement