Fig. 1
From: Targeting mitochondrial transfer: a new horizon in cardiovascular disease treatment
Mechanism of Mitochondrial Dynamics. The mitochondrial network is constantly dynamic due to the antagonistic effects of several proteins, including fission proteins (i.e., MFF, FIS1 and DNM1L) and fusion proteins, such as MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1. It is tightly regulated to ensure the optimal function of mitochondria under both physiological and pathological conditions, which is partially due to the removal of dysfunctional mitochondria induced by inappropriate fission. Fission functions to segregate dysfunctional mitochondria, thereby enabling degradation by the autophagic machinery