Table 3 The cells/stem cells used in respiratory development and disease treatment
From: Advancements in lung regeneration: from bench to bedside
Cell/stem cell | Opinion | Methods | Result | Ref/year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
hPSC | Respiratory development | Evaluation of HPS1 (Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type-1) in ECM and mesenchymal cell accumulation and its effect on lung disease (in vitro) | hPSCs could be generated from LBOs Development into airway structures after xenotransplantation | 2017/[88] |
hPSCs | Respiratory development | Investigation of the protocol that differentiates hPSCs into ventral-anterior foregut spheroids bud tip progenitor organoids and human lung organoids | These stem cells could be used to make organoids and as a model for human lung development. | 2019/[87] |
hIPSCs | Respiratory development | Evaluation of human induced pluripotent stem cells differentiation into airway basal cells (in vivo & in vitro) | These cells could successfully differentiate into airway basal cells, and this can be used in treating diseases like asthma, cystic fibrosis, and primary ciliary dyskinesia. | 2021/[81] |
Basal epithelial cells | Respiratory development | Evaluate Translational methods for the regeneration and recellularization of transplantable lung constructs. (Ex vivo) | Extensive recellularization is maintained with organized tissue structure, morphology, and kept phenotype of basal epithelial cells | 2016/[89] |
Mouse Sox9+multipotent embryonic lung progenitors | Respiratory development | Expansion and isolation of mouse Sox9+multipotent embryonic lung progenitors in 3D culture (in vivo) | Sox9+Â progenitors differentiated into all main airway and alveolar lineages | 2017/[83] |
Human Sox9+ basal cells | Respiratory development | Human Sox9+Â basal cells were isolated via bronchoscopic brushing and expanded in feeder-free conditions. | The structure of the lung could be reconstituted via orthotopic transplantation of tissue-specific PCs | 2019/[84] |
hIPSCs | Chronic bronchial disease | A hiPSC line was generated from a highly characterized 40-year-old healthy male nonsmoking donor person. PBMCs were reprogrammed using integration-free Sendai Virus. | The results showed that the cell line had normal karyotype-expressed pluripotency hallmarks. They were differentiated into the three primary germ layers, as well. | 2019/[82] |
MSCs | Thoracic malignancies | The mice were exposed to thoracic radiation, and the protective effects of MSC-EVs on inflammation, endothelial cell damage, fibrosis, and vascular permeability were assessed. | According to the results, MSC-EVs hampered the secretory phenotype development and lowered the radiation-induced injury of endothelial cells. | 2021/[90] |
MSC | COVID-19 | MSCs isolated from tissues. It was isolated exosomes from the supernatants. Histological examination, lung function assessment, viral load analysis, CRP level, differential leukocyte, and cytokine assay analysis were investigated. | This study investigated therapeutic approaches to learn more about this disease mechanism and how to hamper the inflammation, cytokine storm, and ARDS of this disease. | 2020/[91] |
AFMSC | PE | Injecting IT (Intratracheal) the pre-differentiated AFMSCs for emphysema in 2 weeks in a mice model (in vivo) | The results showed that transplantation of differentiated AFMSCs through IT injection had a better reverse elastase-induced and alveolar regeneration pulmonary emphysema in the tested mice. | 2019/[93] |
MSC | PF | Combining MSC with drugs like TGF-β and VEGF/ PDGF/FGF | According to the results, the combination of pharmaceutical therapy and MSC transplantation may be effective. To improve the therapeutic effect, MSC transplantation should be combined with drugs like PDGF/VEGF/FGF (nintedanib) and TGF-β (pirfenidone). | 2018/[94] |
MSC | ALI/ARDS | Ang-1, GLP-1R, FGF-10, and SPC are examined in both time- and dose-dependent manners. Effects of MSC and liraglutide on ALI. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay differential cell counting in BALF. Western blot. In a mouse model (in vivo) | According to the results, the combination of liraglutide and hCMSCs is an efficient protocol for ALI treatment. | 2020/[95] |
hucMSC-sEVs | BPD | Rat model of BPD Angiogenesis testing Alveolarization analysis | According to the results, hucMSC-sEVs could restore lung function and alveolar structure and ameliorate pulmonary hypertension | 2020/[15] |