Fig. 1

Neural induction transforming TET3 overexpression (TET3-OE) HUCMSCs into iOPCs. a TET3-OE exhibiting morphological transformation resembling an OPC-like morphology and the Control group showing no change (scale bar = 50 μm). b TET3 gene expression following transfection (n = 6 samples), as detected by qPCR. c, d TET3 expression following transfection detected by western blot (n = 6 samples). Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation. statistical significance was determined using unpaired t-test (***p < 0.001). e, f TET3-OE significantly expressing OPC-specific markers NG2 and PDGFRA, as detected by qPCR (n = 6 samples), Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01,***p < 0.001 vs Control group. ^#p < 0.05, ^###p < 0.001 vs Control group 7 dpi. g–i TET3-OE significantly expressing OPC-specific markers NG2 and PDGFRA post-induction, as observed by western blot (n = 6 samples). j, l Immunofluorescence staining showing a significantly increased number of NG2-positive cells in TET3-OE 7 days post-induction (7 dpi) compared to that in the Control group 7 dpi (n = 6 samples). k, m Immunofluorescence staining showing a significantly increased number of PDGFRA-positive cells in TET3-OE 7 dpi- compared to that in the Control group 7 dpi (n = 6 samples, Scale bar = 100 μm). Data were shown as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01,***p < 0.001 vs Control group. ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 vs Control group 7 dpi