Fig. 4

Taurine or glycine-conjugated forms of CDCA show stronger anti-inflammatory effects. a LPS-primed BMDMs stimulated with nigericin (2 μM) for 3 h were treated with indicated BAs at 50 μM for 24 h. Relative mRNA expression of Il1b (left), Il6 (mid), and Tnfa (right) in BMDMs treated with 50 μM BAs (n = 6). b LPS-primed BMDMs stimulated with nigericin (2 μM) for 3 h were treated with CDCA or TCDCA at 5–100 μM for 24 h. Relative mRNA expression of Il1b (left) and Il6 (right)in BMDMs treated with BAs of gradient concentration from 5 to 100 μM (n = 6). c LPS-primed Peritoneal macrophages stimulated with nigericin (2 μM) for 3 h were treated with CDCA or TCDCA at 5–100 μM for 24 h. Relative mRNA expression of Il1b (left) and Il6 (right) in peritoneal macrophages treated with BAs of gradient concentration from 5 to 100 μM (n = 6). Data are presented as mean ± s.d. The two-sided P values were examined using Student’s t-test for comparison of variables between two groups. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparison test was used for comparison of continuous variables among multiple groups. *: P < .05; **: P < .01; ***: P < .001; ****: P < .0001