Fig. 2
Photoinduced action potentials in Ziapin2-loaded AMVMs. Representative action potentials (APs) recorded in AMVMs loaded with either vehicle (Ctrl, shown in gray) or 25 µM Ziapin2 (shown in teal) and stimulated with short (20 ms, panel a) or long (200 ms, panel b) single light pulses. Traces have been reported as relative Vm variation to better appreciate the light-induced effect; photoexcitation is represented by the cyan shaded area. Light power density was set at 50 mW/mm2. Panels from c to f show a comparison of the following parameters between 20 and 200 ms long light-evoked APs: Maximal rise slope of depolarization (panel c, Max rise slope 20 ms: 23.1 ± 1.8 mV/ms, n = 31; Max rise slope 200 ms: 27.7 ± 2.4 mV/ms, n = 23), action potential duration at 90% of repolarization (panel d, APD90 20 ms: 287.4 ± 19.6 ms, n = 30; APD90 200 ms: 402 ± 19 ms, n = 24), maximum diastolic potential (panel e, MDP 20 ms: -83.7 ± 0.9 mV, n = 23; MDP 200 ms: -84.88 ± 0.8 mV, n = 24) and action potential amplitude (panel f, APA 20 ms: 106.1 ± 2.6 mV, n = 31; APA 200 ms: 107.8 ± 2.3 mV, n = 23). Data are represented as mean ± SEM; N = 10. Statistical comparisons were performed using either the Student’s t-test (panels c, d, and e) or the Mann-Whitney test (panel f), depending on the normality of the data distribution