Chinese herbal medicine-derived extracellular vesicles as novel biotherapeutic tools: present and future

Table 3 A summary of CHMEVs as a drug delivery platform

Carrier	Loaded drug	Target object	Advantages	Literature
Ginger-derived lipids	Dox	Colon-26 cells	Promote drug-targeted delivery and increase drug release	[140]
GDEVs	Arrowtail RNA	Human oral epidermoid carcinoma cells	Enhance tumor-specific targeting and efficacy	[48]
Ginger-derived lipids	siRNA-CD98	RAW 264.7 and colon-26 cells.	Targeted specifically to colon tissues and decrease CD98 expression	[153]
Ginger-derived lipids	Dmt1	Duodenal epithelium	Inhibit Dmt1 mRNA expression	[154]
Aloe EVs	ICG	Melanoma cells	Maintain the stability of drug molecules and extend storage time	[80]
Grapefruit EVs	Methotrexate	Intestinal macrophages	Minimize the toxicity and promote effectiveness	[141]
Lemon EVs	Dox	Ovarian cancer cells	Reverse drug resistance	[142]

Abbreviations: Dox, Doxorubicin; Dmt1, Divalent metal-ion transporter 1; ICG, Photosensitizer indocyanine green

ISSN: 1479-5876