Fig. 4
(A) The violin plots of the screened biomarkers (lactic acid, leucine, and acylcholine) expressions in MM patients of ISS stages and healthy controls. (B) Pearson’s correlation coefficient between candidate metabolites and potential risk indexes in clinic. The heatmap showed the correlation coefficients between candidate metabolites (leucine, lactic acid, and cholesterol sulfate) and risk factors (Hb, LDH, Scr, M protein, and PCs) in plasma. (C) The violin plots of the screened biomarkers (lactic acid, leucine, and cholesterol sulfate) expressions of CSG & CIG in the circle 3. (D) The violin plots of the screened biomarkers (lactic acid, leucine, and cholesterol sulfate) expressions of CSG & CIG in the circle 4. (E) Venn diagram showed that 2 metabolites (leucine, and lactic acid) were overlapped when comparing MM with HC