Fig. 2

Multivariate statistical analysis of untargeted metabolomics. The red dot represents the healthy control group (HC). The green dots represent the newly diagnosis MM group before treatment, namely NDMM. (A) It represents the difference between NDMM and HC in PCA score plot. (B) Volcano plots of the significantly differential metabolites in HC group versus NDMM were shown, with the top 20 compounds in AUC annotated. (C) Heatmap of metabolite alterations from NDMM and HC. Two-sided Kruskal-Wallis tests with P < 0.05. (D) It represents the difference between NDMM and HC in OPLS-DA score plot