Fig. 7

Predicted microbiota functions using the PICRUSt2 algorithm. A Heatmap displaying enriched KEGG pathways between the HC and pPN groups, with colors ranging from orange to green, indicating low to high correlation. B Bar chart displaying KEGG pathways with significant differences between the HC and pPN groups. C Box plot showing the distribution differences of various COG functional categories between the sample groups. D Bar chart displaying COG pathways with significant differences between the HC and pPN groups. P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**), P < 0.001 (***). KEGG Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, COG Clusters of Orthologous Groups