Fig. 6

SHAP Algorithm Explanation of Important Features. A SHAP summary plots showing the contribution of 6 genera to the model output. Positive SHAP values indicate an increased likelihood of the predicted outcome, while negative SHAP values indicate a decreased likelihood. The y-axis represents the feature importance ranking. Each point represents a case in the dataset, with the color indicating the feature value, blue representing the lowest range. B SHAP force plot explaining a single sample correctly classified as HC group, visually illustrating the contribution of each feature to the prediction. C SHAP force plot for a sample correctly classified as pPN group, visually illustrating the contribution of each feature to the prediction. D pPNs visualization risk prediction system. The left section allows input of data for six core microbiotas, while the right section presents the results, including the risk probability of pPNs and the contribution of feature variables to this probability. Red arrows indicate features that positively contribute to the prediction value, while blue arrows indicate features that negatively contribute. The length of the arrows represents the magnitude of the feature contribution, with the sum determining the final prediction value. SHAP SHapley Additive exPlanations