Fig. 5
Subgroup analysis of MSC-EVs for wound closure rate in diabetic wound healing model. Each row represents pooled estimate data from studies within that subgroup. Data is presented as a forest plot with SMD and 95% confidence intervals. I2 value represents the statistical heterogeneity within each subgroup. Effect sizes > 0 favours MSC-EVs treatment and < 0 favours control. The ‘Overall Efficacy’ is a pooled estimate effect of MSC-EVs on wound closure rate from all studies combined. ADSCs: adipose mesenchymal stem cells; BMMSCs: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; ucMSCs: umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells; MenSCs: menstrual blood mesenchymal stem cells; GMSCs: gingival mesenchymal stem cells; FMSCs: hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells