Fig. 1

The identification of malignant cells in ST data. A The methodology employed in this study. B Clustering of 4965 spots in spread through air spaces (STAS) sample into 12 distinct clusters. C Distribution of immune score in the 12 clusters. D Hierarchical clustering assigning all spots, except the reference cluster, into eight clusters. E Bar charts showing the distribution of copy number variation (CNV) score in the nine clusters. F The plot depicted the identified tumor area in STAS sample. G The distribution of the signature of each cluster in tumor and non-tumor samples in the bulk transcriptomics data