Fig. 1

DCPS expression was elevated in GBM and associated with poor survival of GBM patients

(a) The expression of DCPS in GBMs (n = 163) and normal brain tissues (n = 207) in TCGA database. Statistical analysis by Wilcoxon test, ***, p < 0.001

(b) The expression of DCPS in GBM (n = 165) and normal brain tissue (n = 20) in the CGGA database. Statistical analysis by Wilcoxon test, *, p < 0.05

(c) The expression of DCPS in various grades of glioma (n = 103 for WHO grade 2; n = 79 for WHO grade 3; n = 139 for WHO grade 4) in the CGGA database. Statistical analysis by Kruskal–Wallis test, ***, p < 0.001

(d) Western blot analysis of DCPS expression in paired tumor and normal brain tissues from patients with GBM (n = 28)

(e–f) Quantified data of western blot of DCPS expression in paired tumor and normal brain tissues from patients with GBM (n = 28). (e) DCPS expression was elevated in tumor tissues compared with the paired normal brain tissues in 85.7% of GBM patients. (f) DCPS protein expression in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in the paired normal brain tissues. Statistical analysis by paired t-test, ***, p < 0.001

(g–h) IHC staining of DCPS expression in GBMs (n = 62) and normal brain tissues (n = 5). Scale bar, 150 μm. (g) Representative images. (h) Quantification of IHC staining intensity of DCPS in GBMs (n = 62)

(i) Correlation of DCPS expression with overall survival was analyzed in patients (n = 62) from our hospital. Statistical analysis by two-sided log-rank test