Fig. 4
IL-1β promotes the proliferation and migration of SMCs and reduces their sensitivity to PTX. A Cell viability was assessed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of IL-1β on SMC proliferation after 24 h and 48 h (n = 5, ###, p < 0.001, versus control group for 24 h; ***, p < 0.001, versus control group 48 h). B, C To assess the impact of IL-1β on PTX sensitivity, the EDU assay and Transwell assay after treatment with IL-1β alone or in combination with PTX ( n = 3). D Cells were treated with IL-1β for 24 h, followed by an additional 24-h treatment with PTX, by cell cycle analysis the proportions of cells at different phases of the cell cycle were quantified (n = 5). E A volcano plot was employed to visualize the differential gene expression in VSMCs between the control group (n = 3) and the group treated with IL-1β (10ng/mL for 24 h, n = 3). F A heatmap depicting the differential expression of relevant genes in SMCs following treatment with IL-1β. G A histogram summarizing the pathways associated with the differentially expressed genes identified in this study. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001)