Fig. 4
From: Targeting TNFR2 for cancer immunotherapy: recent advances and future directions
The role of TNFR2 in the tumor microenvironment. (A) During tumor growth, both tumor cells and the TME release TNF-α, which triggers proliferation of CD8+T cells and NK cells within the tumor microenvironment to mount an effective immune response against cancerous cells. (B) Over time, the TME attracts an increasing number of immunosuppressive cells (including Tregs and MDSCs), leading to suppression of anti-tumor responses. Furthermore, prolonged exposure of CD8+T cells to TNF-α drives them towards AICD, enabling tumor cells to evade immune control mechanisms