Fig. 1

Phylum and genus level distribution of bacteria in the fecal microbiota of the present cohort consisting CKD cases and healthy control subjects (HC). A, B Bar graph depicting the structural distributions of fecal microbial communities at the phylum level in each sample (A) and each group (B). The relative abundances of all detected phyla were shown. C Circos plots described the constitution of top15 phyla in CKD and HC groups, which simultaneously demonstrated the distribution of each phylum in distinct groups. D, E Taxonomic classification at the genus level for each individual in the study cohort (D), and the CKD and healthy groups (E). Relative abundances of the top 20 most abundant gut genera are presented and the aggregate relative abundance of the remaining taxa was not shown. F Circular visualization for the relative proportion of the top 16 genera in CKD and HC groups. The distribution of each genus in distinct groups was also displayed. G Taxonomic tree showed the cladogram taxonomy of taxa, with relative abundance > 0.005 as the thresholds in each level from kingdom, plylum, class, order, family, genus and species. The pie chart for each branch node of the rank tree showed the composition proportion of the taxon unit in each group