Fig. 5

Distinguishing characteristic of T cells in patients with aGVHD. A UMAP visualization of scRNA-seq data of T cells from patients with aGVHD and individuals with non-aGVHD, with main cell subtypes annotated. B The frequency percentage of the main T cell subtypes. C Dot graph illustrating the GO analysis of upregulated genes in αβ T cells (including proliferating CD8⁺ T, proliferating CD4⁺ T, effector CD8⁺ T, IFN T, activated CD4⁺ T, and naïve T cells) from patients with aGVHD compared to those from individuals with non-aGVHD. D The levels of IL17A (patients with non-aGVHD, n = 52; patients with aGVHD, n = 30), IL22 (patients with non-aGVHD, n = 52; patients with aGVHD, n = 30), IL10 (patients with non-aGVHD, n = 4; patients with aGVHD, n = 7), and IL4 (patients with non-aGVHD, n = 4; patients with aGVHD, n = 6) in plasma samples from patients with aGVHD and individuals with non-aGVHD were measured using ELISA. E Dot plots were used to display the relative expression levels of upregulated genes (FOS, JUN, TSC22D3, DUSP1, DUSP2, ZFP36L2, CD52, GZMK, IL32, CD27, CD28, CD2, IKZF3, SESN3, and TNFAIP3) in αβ T cells from patients with aGVHD. F Dot graph illustrating the GO analysis of downregulated genes in αβ T cells from patients with aGVHD compared with those from individuals without aGVHD. G Dot plots were utilized to display the relative expression levels of downregulated genes (DEFA3, KIR3DL2, STAT1, SLC35F1, IFI44L, CISH, MX1, IFI6, S1PR5, GNLY, ADGRG1, TYROBP, LGALS1, NKG7, IFITM2, ISG15, and CALR) in PBMCs obtained from patients diagnosed with aGVHD