Fig. 1

A summary of therapeutic strategies to enhance the effect of anti-PD-1antibody, anti-PD-L1 antibody and anti-CTLA-4 antibody. These strategies are divided into those that have been applied in clinical practice and those that are under preclinical investigation. EGFR-TKI: epidermal growth factor receptor‑tyrosine kinase inhibitor; ICIs: immune checkpoint inhibitors; CDKs inhibitors: cyclin dependent kinases inhibitors; PDT: photodynamic therapy; PTT: photothermal therapy; ACT: adoptive cell transfer therapy; NO: nitric oxide; non-apoptotic RCD: non-apoptotic regulated cell death; SDT: sonodynamic therapy; TTFields: tumor treating fields