Table 4 summary of the included studies reporting on the potential association between FHC and somatic features
Study | Design | Country/race | Study population | Histology | Type of FHC | Prevalence of FHC among cases | Smoking status details (cases) | Main findings | Additional findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Suzuki et al Br J Cancer (1998) | Observational, retrospective | Japan/Asian | 136 female patients with NSCLC with FHC and 243 female patients with NSCLC and no FHC | NSCLC | Any cancer (first-degree relatives) | FHC of 35.9% among the study population | 69.4% of never smokers | Microsatellite instability (MSI) was associated to high burden of FHC (at least 3 relatives diagnosed with cancer) compared to controls | No significant difference in clinicopathological characteristics between patients with MSI and those without MSI |
Yilmaz et al Int J Environ Res Public Health (2014) | Observational, retrospective | USA/not available | 108 patients with NSCLC and 116 with colorectal cancer | NSCLC | Any cancer (unspecified degree and tumors among relatives) | FHC of 63.2% among patients with NSCLC | Among KRAS positive 91.7% of ever smokers Among KRAS negative 69.2% of ever smokers | FHC was not associated with KRAS mutational status | Among KRAS positive, positive FHC was more frequently reported among patients with NSCLC than those with colorectal cancer |
Cheng and Cheng J Thorac Dis (2015) | Case–control study (retrospective) | Taiwan/Asian | 85 never smoker (< 100 cigarette in lifetime) patients with NSCLC and positive FHC; 161 patients with NSCLC with no FHC (serving as controls) | NSCLC | Any cancer (first-degree and second-degree relatives) Categorization into pulmonary and non-pulmonary tumors | FHC of 34.5% among the whole study population | – | FHC was associated with EGFR mutation status (OR 5.9, 95%CI: 3.3–10.6) | FH of pulmonary cancer was associated with EGFR mutation status (OR 7.5, 95%CI: 3.4–16.3) FH of non-pulmonary cancer was associated with EGFR mutation status (OR 5.0, 95%CI: 2.5–10.0) |
Hsu et al Oncotarget (2016) | Observational, retrospective | Taiwan/Asian | 131 patients with EGFR positive NSCLC and FH of lung cancer; 1582 patients with EGFR positive NSCLC and no FHC (serving as controls) Additional sub-cohort of patients with EGFR positive NSCLC with at least 2 relatives with lung cancer | Adenocarcinoma (EGFR positive patients) | Lung cancer (first-degree relatives) | FH of lung cancer of 7.6% among the whole population | 80.9% of never smokers, 19.1% of ever smokers | FH of lung cancer was associated with EGFR mutational status in multivariable models (OR 1.68, 95%CI: 1.06–2.67) | FH of lung cancer was associated with younger age at diagnosis, with lower TNM stage correlated with younger age at diagnosis No additional findings from cohort 2 |
Cortellini et al J Hematol Oncol (2022) | Case control study | Italy/not specified | 723 patients with NSCLC treated with pembrolizumab (cases); 652 patients with NSCLC treated with chemotherapy (controls) | NSCLC | Any cancer in lineal line (descendants or ascendants) and collateral line (non-descendants/ascendants, relatives) | FHC of 37.5% (cases) 49.3% (controls) | Pembrolizumab cohort: 12.4% of never smokers and 87.6% of ever smokers Chemotherapy cohort: 12.6% of never smokers and 87.4% of ever smokers | High burden of FHC associated with improved outcomes compared to low burden/negative FHC among patients treated with pembrolizumab only | FHC was not associated with tumor mutational burden, PD-L1 status and somatic DNA damage and response genes status |
Chang et al Future Oncol (2022) | Observational, retrospective | China/Asian | 517 patients with NSCLC categorized into wild-type, single-gene mutation (50.87%) and concomitant mutations (11.99%) | NSCLC | Any cancer (unspecified degree and tumors among relatives) | FHC of 6.18% among the whole cohort | 61.3% of never smokers, 15.8% of former smokers, 23.40% of current smokers | FHC was significantly associated with the presence of concomitant mutations, compared to single gene/wild-type group | – |
Lashkrizedeh et al Clin Respir J (2023) | Cross-sectional study | Iran/not available | 100 patients with lung cancer | NSCLC and SCLC | FH of lung cancer (unspecified degree among relatives) | FH of lung cancer of 5% | 16% of never smokers, 84% of ever smokers | No association between FH of lung cancer and HER2/neu status | – |