Fig. 1

Interaction analysis between immune checkpoints on gastric cancer CD8⁺ T cells. A UMAP plot of CD8⁺ T cell subsets in gastric cancer patients, color-coded by cell type. B Dot plot illustrating the average expression values of known marker genes across different cell types. The size and color of the dots represent the average expression levels of the genes. C Proportion of immune checkpoint-positive cells in CD8⁺ cells gastric cancer patients. D Heatmap of k-means clustering for seven immune checkpoints. E Schematic representation of the multivariate linear regression interaction equation. F Volcano plot displaying the interaction test t-values for the multivariate linear regression interaction equations involving the seven immune checkpoints. G Scatter plot illustrating the relationship between KLRC1, PDCD1, and T cell proliferation