Fig. 1

Research process and identification of umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells. In this study, UC-MSCs are identified through surface markers and their potential for adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation. (A) The research flow diagram summarizes the experimental animals used in this study, the experimental grouping, treatment methods, and detection techniques. (B) Flow cytometry identifies the surface markers of the UC-MSCs cultured and isolated in this study, demonstrating that the proportion of cells positive for CD44, CD90, and CD105 is ≥ 95%, while the proportion of cells positive for CD11b, CD34, and CD45 is ≤ 5%. (C) Alizarin Red staining identifies the cells’ osteogenic differentiation potential. Scale = 200 μm. (D) Oil Red O staining identifies the cells’ adipogenic differentiation potential. Scale = 200 μm. (E) Toluidine Blue staining identifies the cells’ chondrogenic differentiation potential. Scale = 200 μm