Fig. 2
Urine microbiome characteristics and association with urine cytokines. a Shannon index and Simpson index (b) indicated a significant higher α diversity of urine microbiome in the Before group compared to the Control group (Wilcoxon test p < 0.05; p < 0.01); c Rank-abundance curve showed differences in richness and evenness between two groups; d Taxonomy bar plot displayed dominant phyla between two groups; e PCoA analysis showed no significant difference in β diversity between the Before group and the Control group (p > 0.05). f LEfSe analysis identified a series of feature microbiota for the Before group; g Spearman correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between the feature microbiota and the level of urine cytokines. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01. IL: interleukin; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; IFN: interferon