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Table 3 Prostate fibrosis imaging– Pros/Cons with respects to the gold standard

From: Radiology of fibrosis part III: genitourinary system

Lung Fibrosis Imaging

TRUS Guided Biopsy1

PROs

Easy to use, Widespread availability, Low-cost, No ionizing radiation

CONs

Low sensitivity/specificity, Invasive, High false negative rate due to sampling error, Over-diagnosis/treatment of benign peripheral tumours, Operator dependent, Dependent on patient habitus

USE-SE/SWE

PROs

High sensitivity, High negative predictive value, Low-cost, availability, Quantitative, Real time, Readily available, Well tolerated, No ionizing radiation

CONs

Operator dependant, Dependent on patient habitus

mpMRI2

PROs

High sensitivity/specificity, Standardized reporting via PI-RADS, No ionizing radiation

CONs

Low diagnostic accuracy, High cost

18 F-FDG-PET-CT

PROs

Low sensitivity

CONs

Use of contrast agent, Use of ionizing radiation, High acquisition time, Low availability, High cost

PSMA-PET-CT

PROs

High sensitivity/specificity/precision

CONs

Use of contrast agent, Use of ionizing radiation, High acquisition time, Low availability, High cost

PSMA-PET-MRI

PROs

High soft tissue contrast, Low radiation dose, High sensitivity, No ionizing radiation

CONs

Use of contrast agent, High acquisition time, High cost

  1. 1Gold standard, 2Promising future techniques