Fig. 3

Comparison of brain activation between patients and healthy controls through fNIRS. A-B Differences in brain activation (HBO) between the patients and healthy controls based on ROI analysis during the right handgrip task. C-D The activation of blood oxygen in each ROI during the left handgrip task. E Brain activation during the right handgrip task between the patients and healthy controls based on ROI. Horizontal black lines above data sets mark significant differences (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). Abbreviations: fNIRS, functional near-infrared spectroscopy; HBO, oxygenated hemoglobin; ROI, region of interest; PFC, prefrontal cortex; PMC, premotor cortex; M1, primary motor cortex; S1, primary somatosensory area; DH, dominant hemisphere; NDH, non-dominant hemisphere