Fig. 8

API restored mitochondrial crista morphology and mitochondrial integrity and increased mitochondrial function. (A) Mitochondria in the GCC were grouped in accordance with mitochondrial crista number, matrix density, and swelling degree. (B, E) Representative TEM images of the mitochondria of RGC soma and synapses in different experimental groups. Red asterisks point to mitochondria. (C, F) Surface area of the mitochondria of RGC soma and synapses in different experimental groups. N = 3 in each group. (D, G) A total of 10–30 mitochondria per experiment were divided into three categories in accordance with crista number: Class I (more than four cristae), Class II (two or three cristae), and Class III (no more than one cristae); 10–30 mitochondria per experiment were divided into two categories in accordance with matrix density and swelling degree: Class A (mitochondria with a dense matrix) and Class B (mitochondria with a hypodense matrix). Scale bar: 1 μm-500 nm. N = 3 in each group. (H) API decreased the release of mitochondrial ROS. Scale bar: 40 μm. N = 6 ∼ 9in each group. (I) API increased mitochondrial function. White arrows point to cells with the almost complete loss of mitochondria and complete loss of MMP. Asterisks indicate cells that retained their mitochondria but lost their MMP. N = 3 in each group. Scale bar: 20 μm. Data are shown as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. ROS, reactive oxygen species; MMP, mitochondrial membrane potential