Fig. 5

Plasma FAP levels are downregulated in acute HF patients. A ELISA measurement of plasma FAP levels in healthy controls (n = 7) and patients with acute HF (n = 48) and chronic HF (n = 15). B ELISA measurement of plasma FAP levels in acute and chronic HF patients divided by NYHA functional classification (Acute NYHA I–II, n = 23; acute NYHA III-IV, n = 24; chronic NYHA III-IV, n = 15). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. FAP fibroblast activation protein, HF heart failure, NYHA New York Heart Association